Inverters

The proliferation of third-party silicon manufacturing has increased the vulnerability of integrated circuits to malicious insertion of hardware for the purpose of leaking secret information or even rendering the circuits useless while deployed in …

Outsourcing of chip manufacturing to untrusted foundries and using third party IPs in design, have opened the possibility of inserting malicious hardware Trojans into the circuit. As excitation of Trojan is extremely rare, it is almost impossible to …